ubuntu创建新用户并分配VNC远程桌面

使用命令useradd。

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$ useradd -h
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Usage: useradd [options] LOGIN
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       useradd -D
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       useradd -D [options]
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Options:
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      --badnames                do not check for bad names
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  -b, --base-dir BASE_DIR       base directory for the home directory of the
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                                new account
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      --btrfs-subvolume-home    use BTRFS subvolume for home directory
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  -c, --comment COMMENT         GECOS field of the new account
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  -d, --home-dir HOME_DIR       home directory of the new account
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  -D, --defaults                print or change default useradd configuration
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  -e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE  expiration date of the new account
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  -f, --inactive INACTIVE       password inactivity period of the new account
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  -g, --gid GROUP               name or ID of the primary group of the new
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                                account
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  -G, --groups GROUPS           list of supplementary groups of the new
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                                account 新用户需要添加到的其他组的组名的列表
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  -h, --help                    display this help message and exit
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  -k, --skel SKEL_DIR           use this alternative skeleton directory
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  -K, --key KEY=VALUE           override /etc/login.defs defaults
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  -l, --no-log-init             do not add the user to the lastlog and
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                                faillog databases
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  -m, --create-home             create the user's home directory
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  -M, --no-create-home          do not create the user's home directory
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  -N, --no-user-group           do not create a group with the same name as
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                                the user
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  -o, --non-unique              allow to create users with duplicate
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                                (non-unique) UID
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  -p, --password PASSWORD       encrypted password of the new account
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  -r, --system                  create a system account
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  -R, --root CHROOT_DIR         directory to chroot into
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  -P, --prefix PREFIX_DIR       prefix directory where are located the /etc/* files
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  -s, --shell SHELL             login shell of the new account
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  -u, --uid UID                 user ID of the new account
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  -U, --user-group              create a group with the same name as the user
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  -Z, --selinux-user SEUSER     use a specific SEUSER for the SELinux user mapping
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      --extrausers              Use the extra users database

　　使用useradd创建新用户，创建家目录，指定用户id和组id，以及默认的shell，并将其添加到sudo组。需要保证组id在useradd之前已经创建。

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groupadd -g 1000 dev && useradd -ms /bin/bash -u 1000 -g 1000 -G sudo ${username}

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　　添加到sudo组：

　　用 usermod 命令可以将现有用户添加到附加组，例如：

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sudo usermod -aG sudo ${user}
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-a 选项表示追加（append），即将用户添加到指定组而不从现有组中移除。
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sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
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将当前用户添加到docker组

　　删除用户以及其用户目录

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sudo userdel -r username

脚本

　　使用方法：先按照下面的脚本建立 xstartup、vnc_run.sh、addUser.sh 并放在通用路径。然后运行 ./addUser.sh username

　　脚本：/home/vnc_example/xstartup，避免使用ubuntu自带的gnome，目前的版本中出现锁屏无法输入密码的问题。

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#!/bin/sh
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export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
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export XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP="GNOME-Flashback:GNOME"
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export XDG_MENU_PREFIX="gnome-flashback-"
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# 服务器物理显示器会默认使用显示端口 5901，需要确保 VNC端口以及配置 不与现有的 GNOME 会话发生冲突。
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unset SESSION_MANAGER
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unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
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gnome-session --session=gnome-flashback-metacity --disable-acceleration-check

　　脚本：/home/vnc_run.sh

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#! /bin/bash
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vncserver -geometry 1920x1080 :2 -localhost no # :1 reserved for local connection offline.

　　脚本：addUser.sh，创建新用户，并为其分配home空间、vnc设置（需要手动更改端口号）。创建过程中会使用上面提到的两个脚本。

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#!/bin/bash
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set -e  # 若有命令出错，立即退出
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# set -x # 调试模式
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# 检查是否输入了用户名
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if [ -z "$1" ]; then
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  echo -e "\033[31mError: Please provide a username.\033[0m"
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  exit 1
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fi
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# 获取用户名
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username=$1
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# 创建用户并将其添加到 docker 组
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if sudo useradd -ms /bin/bash -G docker "$username"; then
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  echo -e "\033[32mUser $username added successfully and added to docker group.\033[0m"
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else
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  echo -e "\033[31mFailed to add user $username.\033[0m"
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  exit 1
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fi
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# 设置用户密码
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echo -e "\033[33mPlease set the password for the new user: $username\033[0m"
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sudo passwd "$username"
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# 确保 .vnc 目录存在
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sudo mkdir -p /home/"$username"/.vnc
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sudo chown "$username":"$username" /home/"$username"/.vnc
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# 复制 VNC 脚本
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if sudo cp /home/vnc_run.sh /home/"$username"/; then
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  sudo chown "$username":"$username" /home/"$username"/vnc_run.sh
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  echo -e "\033[32mvnc.sh copied successfully to /home/$username.\033[0m"
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else
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  echo -e "\033[31mFailed to copy vnc.sh to /home/$username.\033[0m"
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  exit 1
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fi
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# 复制 xstartup 配置文件
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if sudo cp /home/vnc_example/xstartup /home/"$username"/.vnc/; then
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  sudo chown "$username":"$username" /home/"$username"/.vnc/xstartup
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  sudo chmod +x /home/"$username"/.vnc/xstartup
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  echo -e "\033[32mxstartup copied successfully to /home/$username/.vnc.\033[0m"
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else
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  echo -e "\033[31mFailed to copy xstartup to /home/$username/.vnc.\033[0m"
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  exit 1
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fi
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# 在 ~/.profile 文件中添加自动启动 VNC 的命令
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vnc_run_script="/home/$username/vnc_run.sh"
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profile_file="/home/$username/.profile"
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if ! sudo grep -q "$vnc_run_script" "$profile_file"; then
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  echo "$vnc_run_script" | sudo tee -a "$profile_file" > /dev/null
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  sudo chown "$username":"$username" "$profile_file"
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  echo -e "\033[32mAdded VNC auto-start to $username's .profile.\033[0m"
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else
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  echo -e "\033[33mVNC auto-start script already exists in $username's .profile.\033[0m"
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fi
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# 输出提示修改 VNC 端口
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echo -e "\033[31mPlease modify the VNC port manually for user $username in $vnc_run_script if needed.\033[0m"
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# 添加成功创建用户的提示
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echo -e "\033[32mAdd user $username in this server successfully.\033[0m"

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